Based on the historical document of mountain hazards in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River, southern Shaanxi from 1368 to 1911, the frequency, the temporal and spatial variation of mountain hazards were statistically analyzed. The results showed that, in Ming and Qing dynasty, mountain hazards were mainly flood in river valley, gravity erosion in hillside and debris flow. The occurring frequency is 2.9 years, and showed an increasing trend. The mountain hazards have been divided into four periods.It showed a decreasing trend from 1368 to 1467, the decreasing trend from 1468 to 1567, the descending trend again from 1568 to 1717, and it had the most hazards from 1718 to 1911. In temporal, the hazards were concentrated on summer and autumn, from June to September. In spatial, there were high-frequency centers and low-frequency centers. The geology and geomorphology, and the climate were the main causes producing mountain hazards.The human activity was the affected body and the cause of mountain hazards at the same time.