大熊猫国家公园的设立对濒危物种保育和自然保护区生物多样性保护提出了新的要求，但随着人为活动的增多，外来物种获得了更多进入自然保护区及其周边地区的机会，可能会威胁到濒危物种保育和生物多样性保护。以大熊猫国家公园秦岭片区的陕西长青和太白山国家级自然保护区为例，分析了自然保护区及其周边地区外来植物的入侵现状，以及人为活动对外来植物扩散的潜在影响等。结果表明，研究区域内共有外来植物156种，分属于42科、122属，其中外来入侵种共48种，隶属于17科、37属，占外来种总数的30.77%。恶性入侵类和严重入侵类分别有9种和14种；外来植物的种类数和个体数均与本地植物物种的丰富度、均匀度、辛普森多样性指数和香农-威纳多样性指数呈显著负相关关系；外来种的种类数与海拔、离人类活动中心点的距离之间也呈显著负相关关系。研究结果暗示随着人为活动等干扰的加剧，研究区域已经遭受到较高程度的外来植物入侵，且这些外来植物已对本地群落的物种多样性产生了显著负效应。综上所述，应及时采取措施防控外来入侵生物，以减少其对大熊猫国家公园生物多样性保护和濒危物种保育产生的负面影响。
SONG Xingjiang1
,
2
,
CHEN Xiaoyan1
,
2
,
ZHANG Shechao2
,
3
,
ZHAO Naxun2
,
3
,
LI Xianmin4
,
ZHANG Wengang1
,
2
,
YE Xinping1
,
2
,
LIU Gang1
,
2*
. 大熊猫国家公园外来植物入侵现状[J]. 陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2023
, 51(3)
: 96
-108
.
DOI: 10.15983/j.cnki.jsnu.2023208
The establishment of the Giant Panda National Park has raised new requirements for the conservation of endangered species and biodiversity in nature reserves. However, with the increase of human activities, alien species have more opportunities to enter nature reserves and their surrounding areas, which may threaten the conservation of endangered species and biodiversity. In this study, Changqing and Taibai Mountain National Nature Reserves and their marginal areas in Shaanxi Province were taken as examples for analyzing the invasive status of alien plants as well as the influences of human activities and other factors on the invasion of alien plants in nature reserves. The results showed that 156 exotic plants were found in the study area, belonging to 42 families and 122 genera, among which 48 invasive species were found, belonging to 17 families and 37 genera, accounting for 30.77% of the total exotic plants. Nine and fourteen species were classified as malignant invader and serious invader, respectively. The numbers of exotic plant species and individuals were both negatively correlated with species richness, evenness, Simpson and Shannon-Wiener diversity indices. The number of exotic plants was negatively correlated with altitude and distance from the center of human activity. Our results indicate that, with the intensification of human disturbance, the above-mentioned nature reserves and their marginal areas in Qinling Mountains have suffered a high degree of exotic plants invasion, and these exotic plants have made significantly negative effects on the species diversity of local community. In conclusion, strengthening biological invasion prevention and control in nature reserves will be of great significance to maintain biodiversity and conserve endangered species in the Giant Panda National Park.
